According to the Bergonie-Tribondeau law, which types of cells are more sensitive to radiation?

The Bergonie-Tribondeau law states that the sensitivity of cells to radiation is directly related to their reproductive activity and inversely related to their degree of differentiation. Specifically, this law identifies that cells that are rapidly dividing and have high mitotic rates are more sensitive to the effects of radiation.

Rapidly dividing cells, such as those found in embryonic tissues, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, and hair follicles, are particularly vulnerable because they are in a state of growth and proliferation. During cell division, DNA is replicated and any damage caused by radiation can lead to significant consequences for the cellular processes, such as mitosis and overall cell function.

In contrast, fully differentiated cells, which have specialized functions and typically do not undergo division (like nerve cells), have a much lower sensitivity to radiation. Cells with a longer mitotic cycle or those exposed to low doses of radiation also exhibit reduced sensitivity, as the repair mechanisms may have more time to address the damage before the next division occurs, making them less susceptible to radiation-related harm.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the relationship between cell division rates and radiation sensitivity based on the fundamental principles established by the Bergonie-Tribondeau law.